Akridi i unelmad di Lezzayer: d afaris ur nelli ara s yisem-a
Ur yecbi ara Fransa neɣ Kanada, ssuq n Lezzayer ur d-yettak ara qrib lekra n lbanka i yinelmaden kan, ara yettwaxelṣen deffir n udiplum, yerna s ḍmana n uwanek. Ihi, ma tnadiḍ ɣef ukridi i unelmad di Lezzayer, ad tafeḍ kan tifrat i d-yettezzin: lekra i d-yewwi yiwen seg yimawlan yesɛan lxedma, akridi n usečči i yiwen n yibenk yettwassnen, asellef n twacult yettwaru s lḥeqq, neɣ, mi ara tfakkeḍ leqraya, yiwen n ufrag azayez i usnulfu n urmud.
Ssebba d tafessast: anelmad yeqqaren akud ačuṛan ur yesɛi ara s umata tawreqt n lexlaṣ, ur yesɛi ara tadrimt yettwasersen ɣef umiḍan. Tibankiwin tizayazin am BNA, CPA, BEA neɣ CNEP-Banque ttakent lekra-nsent i yimdanen ɣef lsas n lexlaṣ yettuɣalen yal ayyur ɣef umiḍan yeldin ɣur-sent. Ma ulac tazwert-a n yidrimen, adossier ur yettekcam deg ulaɣbel.
Ayen yettḥettim ukridi i unelmad s yisem-is
Anelmad yesxedmen yakan, amedya s lɛeqd n lxedma n uzgen n wakud yettwaxebṛen ɣer CNAS, neɣ deg umḍiq n lxedma deg usileɣ s umɣawas (alternance), yezmer, deg kra n tegnatin, ad yefk asuter s yiman-is. Ilaq-as dɣa tawreqt n lxedma, tiwreqin n lexlaṣ-is d umiḍan ideg yettwaserris lexlaṣ. Ma d anelmad ur nesɛi lxedma, lbanka ad tessuter qrib yal tikkelt ad yawi lekra yiwen seg yimawlan.
Anwi isenfaqen n leqraya i yezmren ad ttwasfeǧǧen?
Ayen yeḥwaǧ unelmad n Lezzayer ur yelli d yiwen ma yeqqim deg tesdawit tazayezt, ma yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz uslig yettwaqblen, neɣ ma yerra ad iɣer ɣer berra. Ajerred deg tesdawit tazayezt d baṭel qrib, yerna ONOU tettkellif s uxxam n yinelmaden, učči d usiweḍ s ssuma tamecṭuḥt: akridi ihi yettqeddic ugar i yibenkan.
- Ibenkan n tsenselkimt: aselkim ameḥmul, tasiggezt (imprimante), iseɣzanen. Akridi n usečči, yuɣalen i yiɣawasen yettwafarsen neɣ yettwasdukklen di Lezzayer, yezmer ad yeṭṭef aselkim n lxedma n tmurt i d-yezzenz unezzaz yesɛan lɛeqd d lbanka.
- Isenfaqen n leqraya deg uɣerbaz uslig: iɣerbazen n tnezzut, n yinjinyuṛen neɣ n tezmert yettwaqblen ttaṭṭafen ssuma meqqren yal aseggas, s umata ttwaxelṣen s yiḥricen.
- Tazdeɣt deg temdint nniḍen: lḍemna n ukraw n uxxam, lmeɛda, isikliyen, ma yella ur yettwafk ara umḍiq deg uxxam n yinelmaden.
- Leqraya ɣer berra: atiki, isenfaqen n tvizat, akraw amezwaru, aḍman d ubeggen n yidrimen i yessuter tmurt ara k-yeqbelen.
Tagnit tusligt n leqraya ɣer berra
Aṭas n tmura ara k-yeqbelen ttsutrent abeggen n yidrimen send ad fken tavizat n unelmad: tawreqt n tkellif s yiwen n umdan seg twacult, tiwreqin n umiḍan neɣ, am di Lalman, asers n yidrimen ɣef umiḍan yettwaḥebsen (compte bloqué). Ssuma-a ttwaktaben s tedrimt n berra (devises). Maca asiweḍ n tedrimt n berra seg Lezzayer yeddu s yilugan n usenfel (réglementation des changes) n Banque d’Algérie. Send ad tebnuḍ aɣawas n usfeǧǧ, ilaq ihi ad testeqsiḍ lbanka-k anwi isiwḍen yerzan leqraya i tezmer ad ten-teg, s wacu n tewraqin (aselkin n ujerred, tafaktuṛt n uɣerbaz n berra).
Ad yawi lekra yiwen seg yimawlan: abrid yettwassnen ugar
Deg tuget n twaculin, d baba, d yemma neɣ d ameqqran yesɛan lxedma i yettṛeḍḍlen. Afaris yettwasqedcen dɣa d lekra tudmawant neɣ d akridi n usečči amagnu, yerna asuter yettwasmuqqel ɣef tedrimt n umaraw-a. Amaraw d axeddam n uwanek, ma yella lexlaṣ-is yettwaserris acḥal aya deg yiwet n lbanka, yesɛa lfayda tameqqrant; amnir-nneɣ ɣef lekra i uxeddam n uwanek yesfehm-d amaɣnu-a.
Tiwreqin yettwasutren i umaraw ara yeṛḍlen
| Tawreqt | Ɣef wacu tettqeddic |
|---|---|
| Takarḍa n timagit tabiyumitrit d ubeddel n tlalit | Ad yettwassen umeṛḍal |
| Tawreqt n twacult (fiche familiale) | Ad d-tbeggen assaɣ d unelmad d wamek tebna twacult |
| Tawreqt n lxedma d kraḍ n tewreqin n lexlaṣ tineggura (neɣ asmezrey n yidrimen) | Ad d-tbeggen tadrimt yerkden |
| Tiwreqin n umiḍan ideg yettwaserris lexlaṣ | Ad yettwasenqed users n lexlaṣ d yisenfaqen yellan |
| Aselkin n leqraya neɣ tawreqt n ujerred n mmi-s neɣ yelli-s | Ad d-tbeggen anida ara ddun yidrimen |
| Tafaktuṛt pro forma n uɣerbaz neɣ n unezzaz | Ad tḥesbeḍ s telqey asenfaq |
Aselkin n leqraya ur yettwasuter ara yal tikkelt i lekra tudmawant ur nettwaḥbes ara ɣef yiwen n usenfaq, maca ma terniḍ-t, asuter ad yili d afessas i tɣuri, yerna ur yettban ara d asran ur nettwassen ara.
Amedya i usfehem: asfeǧǧ n useggas amezwaru deg uɣerbaz uslig
Ad d-nawi yiwet n twacult n tugna. Yemma, d tamselmadt, tettaṭṭef 120 000 DA zeddigen yal ayyur, ur tesɛi ara akridi nniḍen. Yelli-s tekcem ɣer uɣerbaz uslig n tnezzut, aseggas amezwaru-ines, s tmernit n uselkim n lxedma n tmurt, yesqam 600 000 DA.
- Tawacult tefren i yiman-is talast n ttlaba n 30 % seg lexlaṣ, d 36 000 DA yal ayyur. Talast-a d tawsit n leḥder n umedya kan; yal lbanka tesɛa alugen-ines.
- Tesɛa 200 000 DA n tedrimt i tesmenɣes, tefka-tt srid i yisenfaqen imezwura. Qqimen 400 000 DA ara yettwasfeǧǧen.
- Deg 24 n wayyuren, axelleṣ n uqerru (capital) kan yesqam 400 000 ÷ 24 ≈ 16 667 DA yal ayyur, ssuma-a ilaq ad as-ternuḍ ssuma n usfeǧǧ, aḍman d yisenfaqen n udossier i d-tbeggen tsudawt.
- Tasmekta n wayyur s umata ad teqqim ihi ddaw n 36 000 DA s waṭas, ayen ara yeǧǧen tallunt i useggas wis sin.
I yal akridi i unelmad i d-yewwi yiwen seg yimawlan, axeddaɛ n tidet yettban-d da: leqraya teṭṭef s umata seg kraḍ ar semmus n yiseggasen. Ma tṛeḍleḍ yal aseggas war ma tfukkeḍ lekra yezrin, tisemkta n wayyur zemrent ad snernint s sin deg ubrid n leqraya. Yif-it ad tḥesbeḍ akk abrid n leqraya seg tazwara, ad tesneqdeḍ ma tezmer twacult ad terfed tasmekta yemlalen.
Tifrat war lfayda d tallalin ara tnadiḍ di tazwara
Send ad tnadiḍ ɣef ukridi i unelmad s lfayda, kra n yiberdan ilaq ad ttwarjun. Amur seg twaculin n Lezzayer ugint, s liman, akridi s lfayda: zemrent ad nadint ɣef tewwurt n tdrimt tislamit (mourabaha ɣef uselkim, amedya) neɣ ɣef Qard Hassan, lekra n lxir war lfayda i d-ttakent kra n tsudwin d tkebbaniyin deg kra n wakuden.
- Tabursit d yimeẓla n tesdawit: tabursit n leqraya, taxxamt deg uxxam n yinelmaden, asiweḍ d učči i yettsefrak ONOU ssenqasen s waṭas asran.
- Tibursiyin n uwanek i leqraya ɣer berra: drus i llant, ttunefkent s usɛeddi n ukayad neɣ i yinelmaden yifen; ssuqnent akk ttlaba.
- Tallalt n uxeddam n umaraw: kra n tsudwin tizayazin d tkebbaniyin n tmettiwt ttakent isellfen neɣ lekra n tmettiwt i yixeddamen-nsent i leqraya n warraw-nsen.
- Axelleṣ s yiḥricen yettwamsefhamen d uɣerbaz: aṭas n yiɣerbazen uslig qeblen axelleṣ yal kraḍ n wayyuren, ayen yesfuken tikwal asran n uṛeḍḍel.
Akken ad tsemyezgeḍ tifrat yemṣadan d cciɛa, ẓer daɣen asebter-nneɣ ɣef lekra war lfayda di Lezzayer.
Deffir n udiplum: seg ukridi i unelmad ɣer usfeǧǧ n usenfar amezwaru
I waṭas n yilemẓiyen yesɛan adiplum, asteqsi n ukridi yettban-d mi ara bdun armud, mačči deg wakud n leqraya. Ifragen izayazen am ANADE (ANSEJ zik), ANGEM i umikrukridi neɣ alugen n startups yettwacerḍen sɛan iswi-a. Ur sfeǧǧen ara isenfaqen n leqraya, maca ad d-ṭṭfen deg umḍiq mi ara yettwasbadu usenfar n lxedma. Amnir-nneɣ ɣef lekra i yilemẓi azzayri yesfehm-d iberdan-a s telqey.
Tuccḍiwin yettuɣalen ilaq ad ttwasemmḥent
- Ad terreḍ ɣef ulɣu deg yiẓeḍwan inmettiyen i d-yettwaɛden « lekra n unelmad din din » ma tefkiḍ isenfaqen send: ulac tasudawt yettwaqblen i yxeddmen akka.
- Ad tṛeḍleḍ s yisem n jeddi neɣ n nanna yeffɣen lantrit, wid i yesɛan tallit n uxelleṣ tettwaḥedden s leɛmeṛ.
- Ad tettuḍ belli amaraw yeṛḍlen d netta kan i d lmesbul, ɣas ma yeɛhed unelmad ad yexelleṣ ɣer zdat.
- Ad tesmeḥqreḍ ssuma n yiseggasen n tɛawdit neɣ n useggas n usileɣ n tutlayt send ad truḥeḍ ɣer berra.
S wawal wezzilen, akridi i unelmad di Lezzayer yettwabna seg ubudǧi n twacult: ad tḥesbeḍ akk abrid n leqraya, ad tesqedceḍ di tazwara tallalin d tedrimt yettwasmenɣsen, syin ad tesfeǧǧeḍ s ukridi kan amur i d-yeqqimen, deg tallit ara yfakken, ma yella wamek, send taggara n leqraya.
Isteqsiyen yettuɣalen
Anelmad ur nesɛi tadrimt, yezmer ad iṛḍel weḥd-s di Lezzayer?
Drus mliḥ. Tibankiwin n Lezzayer ttakent lekra i yimdanen ɣef lsas n tedrimt yettuɣalen yettwaserrisen ɣef umiḍan. Anelmad ur nesɛi lxedma yettwaxebṛen ur yesɛi ara tawtilt-a. Tifrat yettwassnen d ad yawi lekra yiwen seg yimawlan yesxeddmen neɣ yeffɣen lantrit, d netta kan i d lmesbul s lqanun ɣef uxelleṣ, ɣas ma idrimen ttqeddicen i leqraya n mmi-s neɣ yelli-s.
Nezmer ad naɣ aselkim s ukridi i leqraya?
Ih, s ukridi n usečči, i yerzan di Lezzayer iɣawasen yettwafarsen neɣ yettwasdukklen da, i d-zzenzen yinezzazen yesɛan lɛeqd d lbanka. Ameṛḍal ilaq ad d-ibeggen tadrimt, ihi s umata d yiwen seg yimawlan i yettsenden. Tiwwura tislamiyin ttakent daɣen mourabaha: lbanka tettaɣ ibenk, syin tettzenz-it s urbaḥ yettwassnen seg tazwara.
Amek ara d-nbeggen idrimen i tvizat n unelmad?
Tamurt ara k-yeqbelen d nettat i yettbeddin ssuma d talɣa n ubeggen: tawreqt n tkellif, tiwreqin n lbanka neɣ amiḍan yettwaḥebsen, am di Lalman. Seg Lezzayer, asiweḍ n tedrimt n berra yeddu s yilugan n usenfel. Ilaq ihi ad tmeslayeḍ d lbanka-k zik, s uselkin n ujerred d tfaktuṛt n uɣerbaz n berra, akken ad teẓreḍ anwi isiwḍen i yezmren ad ttwagen.
Llant tifrat war lfayda deg umḍiq n ukridi i unelmad?
Ih. Tibursiyin d yimeẓla n ONOU ssenqasen asran, tibursiyin n uwanek i berra ssuqnent akk lekra, yerna kra n yixeddamen ttakent lekra n tmettiwt i yixeddamen-nsen i leqraya n warraw-nsen. Qard Hassan, i d-yettunefken deg kra n wakuden, d uxelleṣ s yiḥricen yettwamsefhamen d uɣerbaz uslig, ilaq daɣen ad ten-terjuḍ send yal lɛeqd n lbanka s lfayda.
Tisuddas n wereḍḍal ara testeqsiḍ
BDL — Financement ANADETabanka tamenḍawt yettwasirgen sɣur Banque d'Algérie — Ardal n BDL i yimeskaren n yisenfaren i yettwaḍfaren sɣur ANADE (zik ANSEJ).Algerian Startup Fund (ASF)Tasenduqt tamenḍawt n usmussu i tsuddsin timaynutin (start-up) — Tasenduqt tamenḍawt yettwaḥerzen sɣur sḍis n tbankiwin timenḍawin, i d-yettmuddun irasmalen udmawanen d wazgen-udmawanen i start-up yesɛan label.Startup.dz — Label startupTawwurt tunṣibt n Tmaɣlist n Tdamsa n tmusni d Start-up — Awway n label « Startup », d ayen ilaqen uqbel ad tawḍeḍ ɣer usmuddu n Algerian Startup Fund.CGCI-PME — Garantie TPETasenduqt tamenḍawt n uḍman n yirdalen — CGCI-PME teḍmen iṛdalen n tbankiwin i yettunefken i tsuddsin timecṭaḥin aṭas.Tabdart i usisen kan: Algerie-Credit.com ur yeqqin ɣer yiwet seg tsuddas-a, ur d-yettak ara areḍḍal. Senqed tiwtilin n tura ɣer tsuddest s timmad-is.