D acu i d Moucharaka i tkebbanit tazzayrit
Moucharaka d tacrika: lbanka d umsenfar, yal yiwen yessekcam idrimen deg urmud neɣ deg usenfar, syin ad bḍun agmuḍ. Deg wadeg ad tefk idrimen ara d-yettwarren s tfrit, tasuddest tuɣal d tacrikt deg temhelt. I tkebbanit tazzayrit, aya ibeddel tagnit n tuqqna: lbanka mačči d tin kan i yettṛaǧun tasaltiwt, d tacrikt deg uɣbel adamsan.
Snat n yilugan i d-yesbadun tagatt
- Lfayda tettwabḍa ɣef tsarut i d-yettwafernen zdat akud, i yezmren ad temgarad d uḥric n urasmal i d-yewwi yal yiwen, amedya i wakken ad yettwaxelleṣ uxeddim n usefrek n umsenfar.
- Axṣar, ɣef tama-nniḍen, yettwaḥmal s lqedd kan n wayen i d-yewwi yal yiwen. Acrik i yesɛan 60 % n urasmal yettḥemmil 60 % n uxṣar, ḥaca ma yella tuccḍa n usefrek i d-yettwasbeggnen ɣef tama-nniḍen.
Yegdel ad tettwaḍmen i lbanka tasqamt n lfayda yeṭṭfen neɣ afmiḍi n urasmal: aya d tafrit yeffren i d-yettuɣalen. Tagatt tezmer kan ad d-tini afmiḍi n lfayda i d-yellan s tidet.
Moucharaka yettdumun d Moucharaka yettenqisen
Deg talɣa yettdumun, lbanka tettqima d tacrikt deg akk tallit n usenfar neɣ n tkebbanit. Deg talɣa yettenqisen, iwumi qqaren moutanaqissa, amsenfar yettaɣ-d cwiṭ s cwiṭ iḥricen n lbanka, alamma yuɣal d bab-is waḥd-s. D talɣa-a tis snat i yeqreben ugar, deg uɣawas-is, ɣer usedrem n usfuger, u d tin i ḥemmlent tbankiwin mi ara d-ssumrent afaris-a.
Takatut n Moucharaka deg unagraw n tbankiwin di Lezzayer
Alugen 2020-02 n Banque d’Algérie yessekcem Moucharaka gar temhalin n tedrimt tislamit yettwasirgen. Tibankiwin i tt-yettzenzen ilaq ad sɛunt asireg uqbel i urmud-nsent aslami, akomiti n uɛessi n cciɛa d uselkin n umṣada i d-yettwafkan deg uswir aɣelnaw i yal afaris. Idrimen n tseddart tislamit ilaq ad ttwafernen deg tsenmiḍant ɣef urmud aklasiki.
Asumer ilaqen ad yettwasenqed lbanka s lbanka
Al Salam Bank Algeria tesskanay-d isedram yemṣadan d cciɛa i yixeddamen ilelliyen, ma d tiseddarin n BNA neɣ CPA ssbegnent ugar Mourabaha d Ijara, ladɣa ɣef e-Tamwil i CPA. Moucharaka, i iweɛren ugar ad tettwasefrek i lbanka, ur d-tettban ara yal tikkelt deg yikatalugen izayezen. Tettwaḥewwes ugar s yal tamsalt waḥd-s d tnaɣlit n tkebbaniyin, i tkebbaniyin yesɛan amazray d tsenmiḍant yettwamanen. Tamuɣli ɣef tbankiwin tislamiyin di Lezzayer tettɛawan ad tafeḍ anwa ara temlileḍ.
I wacu n yisenfaren i telha Moucharaka?
Tigniwin anda tetteddu akken iwata
- asemɣer n tezmert n ufares yellan yakan, anda lfayda tezmer ad tettwaɛyar;
- temhelt n tnezzut yettwassnen yesɛan talast deg wakud, am usɣa d uzenzi n yiwet n tgrumma n sselɛa;
- ahil n yixxamen n uxeddim i d-tegga tkebbanit n promotion;
- asɣa n ubagi amfaras (aɣerbaz n ukemmus, taxxamt n usemmiḍ, abrid n usnifel n wučči).
Tigniwin anda ur telha ara
Start-up war chiffre d’affaires, armud anda tisenmiḍanin ur ttwaṭṭfent ara s lqanun neɣ asri n tedrimt yettdumun ur ttemṣadan ara akken iwata d beṭṭu n ugmuḍ: lbanka ur tezmir ara ad teɛyer ayen ara tawi. I tazwara, llan yiberdan nniḍen, i d-yettwaglemen deg usebter-nneɣ ɣef usedrem n tlalit n tkebbanit. I yiwen ubenk waḥd-s, Ijara s waṭas tefsus ugar.
Amedya i usegzi: beṭṭu n ugmuḍ d usɣa n yiḥricen
Takebbanit n ukemmus n tiyni tebɣa ad tessekcem 20 000 000 DA deg ubrid amaynut n ufares. Tettawi-d 8 000 000 DA (40 %), lbanka 12 000 000 DA (60 %). Icriken msefhamen ad bḍun lfayda n usenfar 50/50, akken ad yettwaḥseb uxeddim n usefrek i yettḥemmil tkebbanit.
| Asenaryu n useggas | Aḥric n tkebbanit | Aḥric n lbanka |
|---|---|---|
| Lfayda n 3 000 000 DA (tasarut 50/50) | 1 500 000 DA | 1 500 000 DA |
| Axṣar n 1 000 000 DA (s lqedd 40/60) | 400 000 DA | 600 000 DA |
Deg talɣa yettenqisen, takebbanit tezmer ad tɛahed ad d-taɣ yal aseggas 1 200 000 DA n yiḥricen seg lbanka: deffir mraw iseggasen, 12 000 000 DA ad ttwaṭṭfen akk (1 200 000 × 10). Aḥric n lfayda n lbanka yettenqis akken ttwaɣen yiḥricen. Akk imḍanen-a d tuǧǧutin n uselmed, mačči d tiwtilin n tesuddest.
Aheggi n dossier n Moucharaka
Imi lbanka tettbeṭṭu aɣbel, tettmuqul asenfar am umsekcam mačči am win kan i d-yettaken lekra. Ihi dossier yeččur ugar n tuttra n wakridi aklasiki.
Tiwriqin n lqanun d lǧibaya
- statuts n tkebbanit, registre du commerce d wuṭṭun n tmagit n lǧibaya;
- tiwriqin n uleqqem n lǧibaya d parafiscale (CNAS, CASNOS);
- bilans d tfelwiyin n yigmaḍ n yiseggasen ineggura, yettwasersen ɣer CNRC.
Tiwriqin tidamsanin
- tazrawt n tmezmert neɣ business plan i d-yesfesren chiffre d’affaires yettwaṛǧan, iṣenfaqen d point mort;
- factures pro forma n yibenkan d devis n uheggi;
- tigtin neɣ tibratin n wenzar n yimsaɣen, ma yella ɣur urmud.
Asefrek d uneqqis n yal ass
Mi ara tettwazmel tegatt, tuqqna ur tḥebbes ara ɣef uxelleṣ n wayyur. Lbanka, am tecrikt, tettṛaǧu tisenmiḍanin s tallit i yerzan asenfar: chiffre d’affaires, isɣan, iṣenfaqen n yixeddamen, stock d tsaltiwin n yimsaɣen. Kra n tegzimin timeqqranin, am uzenzi n ubagi, lekra tamaynut neɣ akečum n ucrik-nniḍen, zemrent ad ttwaḥbsent alamma tqebel lbanka zdat akud. Amsenfar yeṭṭef asefrek n yal ass, maca ilaq ad yeqbel tamuɣli-a n beṛṛa, tikwal tirzaf ɣer wadeg d audit deg taggara n useggas. Ma tefreḍ seg tazwara amdan n tedrimt deg tkebbanit, u tḥerzeḍ tasenmiḍant tasleḍt i usenfar, ad yefsus aṭas usiḍen n ugmuḍ ara yettwabḍun u ad drusen yemgaraden deg wakud n beṭṭu.
Ayen ilaqen ad d-tini tegatt
- tasqamt d tewsit n wayen i d-yewwi yal acrik;
- tasarut n beṭṭu n lfayda d ulugen n uxṣar s lqedd;
- tizemmar n usefrek, tigzimin ilaqen ad tent-tqebel lbanka d uneqqis yettwasutren;
- aɣawas d ssuma n usɣa n yiḥricen deg talɣa yettenqisen;
- ayen ara yeḍrun d yiḥricen ma tettwamḥa neɣ tettwazenz tkebbanit.
Moucharaka d usedrem aklasiki n tkebbanit: acu ara tserwseḍ?
Zdat wakridi n usfuger aklasiki, Moucharaka tesɛa lfayda deg wakud iweɛren: ma yella uxṣar, ulac tazmilt yeṭṭfen ara yeẓẓen tadrimt n tkebbanit. Ɣef tama-nniḍen, ma yeddukel usenfar, lbanka tettawi aḥric n lfayda i yezmren ad yɛeddi ssuma n lekra. Amsenfar yeǧǧa daɣen aḥric seg tlelli-s n usefrek, imi acrik n tedrimt yesɛa izerfan n tmuɣli.
Tuccḍiwin ara tesfelḍ
- Ad teqbleḍ tawṭilt i yesbadun afaris adday i lbanka: tettarra tagatt ur temṣada ara.
- Ad d-tesskneḍ tiwaṛǧitin yeɛdan lqedd: d nutenti i d llsas n tsarut n beṭṭu d laman n ucrik.
- Ad tettuḍ tasenmiḍant tasleḍt n usenfar, ur nezmir ad tt-teǧǧeḍ i usiḍen n ugmuḍ ara yettwabḍun.
- Ad tettuḍ ad theggiḍ tuffɣa: war aɣawas n usɣa, lbanka ad teqqim d tacrikt i lebda.
I usnejmeɛ n yedrimen ɣer yimsekcamen usligen deg wadeg n lbanka, asedrem amttekki yesɛa tarrayt yeqreben. Moudaraba, nettat, telha mi ara d-yawi umsenfar tamusni-s maca mačči arasmal.
Isteqsiyen yettuɣalen
Lbanka tezmer ad tessuter lfayda adday deg Moucharaka?
Ala. Afaris yettwaḍemnen neɣ afmiḍi yeṭṭfen n urasmal ad yerr attekki d lekra s tfrit u ad tuɣal tegatt ur temṣada ara. Lbanka tezmer kan ad tawi aḥric i d-yettwafernen seg lfayda yellan s tidet. Maca tezmer ad tessuter tiḍmanin mgal tuccḍa n usefrek neɣ mgal ubeddel n tewtilin sɣur umsenfar.
Anwa i yettḥemmilen axṣar ma yeɣli usenfar?
Yal acrik yettḥemmil axṣar s lqedd n urasmal i d-yewwi. Ma lbanka tesdrem 60 % n usenfar, tettḥemmil 60 % n uxṣar. Alugen-a ur yezmir ara ad yettwabeddel s tegatt. Ḥaca ma yella usɛeggen, tikerkas neɣ ur yettwaqader ara wayen i d-yettwaɛahden, ayen yezmren ad yerr amasul ɣef ucrik i yessefraken.
Takebbanit tamecṭuḥt tezmer ad tawi Moucharaka?
Yezmer ad yili s tmusni, maca tibankiwin tizzayriyin s waṭas ǧǧant afaris-a i tkebbaniyin yesɛan tisenmiḍanin yettwaselkmen d umazray n urmud. Takebbanit tamecṭuḥt tesɛa ugar n tegniwin s Mourabaha i yisɣan-is neɣ s Ijara i yibenkan-is, qbel ad txemmem ɣef uttekki mi ara tili tsenmiḍant-is teṭṭef u tban.
Acḥal teṭṭef Moucharaka yettenqisen?
Tallit tettwabedd deg tegatt ɣef tiddi n usfuger d tezmert n tkebbanit ad d-taɣ iḥricen n lbanka. Ur tesɛi ara tallit tunṣibt yiwet. Ilaq ihi ad tḥewwseḍ aɣawas n usɣa yellan d tidet, yemṣadan d tikli n tedrimt yettwaṛǧan, u ad tesneqdeḍ tiwtilin i d-tessumur yal tasuddest.
Isumar unṣiben i usnemhel
I wakken ad tesneqdeḍ «Isumar unṣiben i usnemhel» deg Moucharaka pour entreprise deg Lezzayer, wali Asebter unṣib; dinna ara tafeḍ tiwtilin i d-yettwaseknen i wanaw-a n uselhu, mačči talɣa tamatut i yal akredḍi.
| Banka | Talɣut | Asaɣ |
|---|---|---|
| Al Salam Bank Algeria | financements conformes à la charia pour particuliers et professionnels | Asebter unṣib |
| Al Salam – financement véhicule | vente à tempérament/financement automobile conforme à la charia | Asebter unṣib |
| CPA – e-Tamwil islamique | Mourabaha, Ijara et financements islamiques accessibles via e-Tamwil | Asebter unṣib |
| Banque d’Algérie – règlement 2020-02 | cadre des opérations de banque relevant de la finance islamique | Asebter unṣib |
| BNA – finance islamique | gamme de financements islamiques de la banque | Asebter unṣib |
Tisuddas n wereḍḍal ara testeqsiḍ
BEA — Mourabaha véhiculeTabanka tamenḍawt yesɛan asfaylu n tdrimt tineslemt — Asfaylu ineslem n BEA: aɣal n tkeṛṛust s Mourabaha s tfeṛqit yettwamtawan.BDL — Ijara logement (finance islamique)Tabanka tamenḍawt yesɛan asfaylu n tdrimt tineslemt — Asmuddu n uɣal n tnezduɣt s Ijara deg usfaylu ineslem n BDL.Trust Bank Algeria — Vente à tempéramentTabanka tusligt yettwasirgen sɣur Banque d'Algérie — Afaris uslig n Trust Bank: tanezzut s tseṭṭfin, azal yettwaxelleṣ s yiḥricen.Al Baraka — Ijara entreprisesTabanka tineslemt yettwasirgen sɣur Banque d'Algérie — Akraḍ n yibenkan yemṣaḍan d ccariɛa (Ijara) i tsuddsin d imsaɣen n Al Baraka.Tabdart i usisen kan: Algerie-Credit.com ur yeqqin ɣer yiwet seg tsuddas-a, ur d-yettak ara areḍḍal. Senqed tiwtilin n tura ɣer tsuddest s timmad-is.