Akridi n usegmi i yinigi azzayri: snulfu-d neɣ snerni armud di tmurt

Akridi n usegmi i yinigi azzayri: ɣef wanwa asenfar i nettmeslay?

Aṭas n Yezzayriyen yezdɣen di Fransa, di Kanada, di Lalman neɣ deg Lxalij bɣan ad segmin di tmurt: ad ldin taḥanut, ad d-ṭṭfen tawaṛct n twacult, ad bnun tiɣult tamecṭuḥt n lxedma, ad aɣen amḍiq ara kerrun neɣ ad sfeǧǧen asenfar n tfellaḥt. Uguren mačči d lebɣi, d asuddes. Akridi n usegmi i yinigi azzayri s umata yesdukkul kraḍ n yiɣbula: tadrimt yettwasmenɣsen di berra, asfeǧǧ n lbanka di Lezzayer ma yella, d, tikwal, amdakkel neɣ yiwen seg twacult yeqqimen di tmurt.

Ilaq seg tazwara ad nemyiz sin n tegnatin. Ma yella asegmi yettwawi sɣur tsudawt yettwasnulfan di Lezzayer, d tasudawt-a i yettṛeḍḍilen, yerna lbanka tettmuqqul asenfar-ines d tḍmanin-ines. Ma yella inigi iṛḍel s yisem-is, amedya i umḍiq neɣ i wakal, lbanka tettmuqqul tanezduɣt-is d yidrimen-is n berra, ayen yerzan ugar lekra i yinigi azzayri amagnu.

Addad n war-anezdaɣ ibeddel kullec

S unamek n yilugan n usenfel, Azzayri yettidiren di berra s umata d war-anezdaɣ (non-résident). Yeṭṭef akk izerfan n uɣelnaw i usnulfu n tsudawt, maca imiḍanen-is, isiwḍen n yidrimen-is d unekcum ɣer kra n yifragen izayazen ḍefren ilugan-nsen. Ifragen n tallalt i lxedma am ANADE neɣ CNAC rran tazwara i yinezdaɣ; ilaq ad tesneqdeḍ tiwtilin n unekcum send ad ten-tsekcmeḍ deg uɣawas n usfeǧǧ.

Asekcem n tefka-k ɣer Lezzayer s ubrid iwatan

I ukridi n usegmi i yinigi azzayri, wa d aɣtas ameqqran ugar. Tafka s tedrimt n berra yettwaznen s usiweḍ n lbanka ɣer umiḍan yeldin di Lezzayer teǧǧa ccama: lbanka tessen anida d-kkan yidrimen, tezmer ad d-tefk tiwreqin yettwasutren i usbedd n uqerru, ad d-tbeggen asegmi i wayen ara d-yasen.

• Amiḍan s tedrimt n berra: yettaṭṭef isiwḍen seg berra yerna yeǧǧa ad teḥrezeḍ tadrimt s uṛu neɣ s dular alamma d akud n usegmi.
• Amiḍan s dinar yettbeddilen (dinars convertibles): yettwaldi sɣur war-anezdaɣ, yettwaččar s tedrimt n berra yettwafken i lbanka yerna yettak aḍfar yelhan ugar i yidrimen yettwasegmin.
• Tafka ɣer uqerru n tsudawt: tezmer ad tettwaxelleṣ s usiweḍ seg yiwen seg yimiḍanen-a, s tewreqt n lbanka i yessuter lmuwetteq d CNRC.

Asenfel war lqanun (marché informel) yezmer ad d-iban d tifrat yelhan ugar, maca tafka ad tesruḥ dɣa akk aḍfar-ines n lbanka. Ass ara yebɣu usegmay ad d-ibeggen anida d-yekka uqerru-s, ad yessuter akridi nniḍen neɣ, ɣer zdat, ad yazen idrimen-is, ur yesɛi ula d abeggen. Tibankiwin tizzayriyin yellan di berra, i d-nessenɛet deg usebter-nneɣ ɣef tbankiwin tizzayriyin di berra, zemrent ad sfessusent alday n yimiḍanen ula d send asikel.

Amek tettmuqqul lbanka akridi n usegmi i yinigi azzayri

Tasudawt tamaynut war amezruy

Tasudawt i yettwajerden tura kan ur tesɛi bilan, ur tesɛi azal n tnezzut. Lbanka ad tɛemmed ihi ɣef tezrawt tatiknikt d tdamsant, ɣef tirmit n lxedma n bab n usenfar d tɣara n tefka-s. Amikanisyan i yesfeṛken yiwet n garage xemsṭac n yiseggasen di Lyon, yerna yebɣa ad yeldi yiwet n twaṛct am tin di Sṭif, yesɛa adossier yessewhamen ugar n uxeddam ara ibeddlen akk axeddim-is.

Asefrek s ubeɛda

Abankiyi ad yesteqsi anwa ara yesfeṛken tasudawt yal ass. Amsefrak yezdeɣ di Lezzayer, d gma-s, d amdakkel neɣ d axeddam n laman, yessɛeqqal ugar n umdakkel weḥd-s ur d-yettasen ala deg unebdu. Tawkalt n lmuwetteq yettwarun akken iwata, ara d-yesbeggnen s telqey tizmar n lbanka n bab n twekkalt, tessuqna asḥebbes mi ara ttwazemlen lɛuqud d usufeɣ n yidrimen.

Tiḍmanin yellan dihin

Imi ulac amezruy, lbanka ad tnadi taḍmant n tidet: rrehn n wayla n uxxam di Lezzayer n usegmay neɣ n twacult-is, rrehn n yibenkan yettwaɣen, taḍmant tudmawant. Isenduqen izayazen n uḍman n yikridiyen n PME, FGAR d CGCI-PME, zemren ad smeden afrag mi ara ten-tessuter lbanka.

Amedya i usfehem: alday n twaṛct n tnejjart di Tlemsan

Karim, d anejjar yesxeddmen di Marseille, ihegga alday n twaṛct di Tlemsan akk d mmi-s n ɛemmi-s, ara yilin d amsefrak. Ssuma d usenfel d tugna.

Asran n lbanka d kraḍ deg usenfar, ayen yeǧǧan tasudawt deg yiwen n waddad iǧehden. Deg 5 n yiseggasen, axelleṣ n uqerru kan yewweḍ 5 000 000 ÷ 60 ≈ 83 333 DA yal ayyur, beṛṛa n lfayda neɣ arbaḥ. Tawaṛct ilaq ihi ad d-tawi ma drus ssuma-a yal ayyur deffir n lexlaṣ n yixeddamen d yisenfaqen, neɣ adossier ilaq ad yeḥseb aṛaǧu n sḍis n wayyuren deg wakud n ubeddu. Lbanka war ccekk ad tessuter rrehn n uxxam n twacult neɣ rrehn n tmacinin.

Yiwet n tɣawsa tettɛawan da asegmay: idrimen-is s uṛu ma d ttlaba n tsudawt s dinar. Ma yella dinar yeɣli, amur n tesmekta i ilaq ad d-yefk seg Fransa ma yella uguren yesqam drus s uṛu. Deg tama nniḍen, yal tafka nniḍen ara d-yasen deffir ad teqqen ɣer usenfel n wakud-nni: yif-it ad tazneḍ akk tafka yettwaḥesben send ubeddu.

Tifrat nniḍen deg umḍiq n lekra n lbanka tamagnut

Asegmay seg tmezdagt n berra ur nebɣi lfayda, neɣ ur nufi ara taḍmant tekfan, yezmer ad yesmuqqel aṭas n tifrat:

• Ijara i tmacinin: lbanka tettaɣ ibenk syin tkerra-t i tsudawt, s tifrat n tiɣin deg taggara n lɛeqd. Ibenk yettuɣal d taḍmant taɣamant.
• Moucharaka neɣ moudaraba: lbanka tettekki deg usenfar s beṭṭu n urbaḥ d uxsar, ayen yessutren amḍan n yidrimen yeffeɣ i tafat.
• Mourabaha ɣef yibenkan neɣ ɣef umḍiq amahil; asebter-nneɣ ɣef mourabaha n wayla n uxxam i yinigi yesfehm-d amek tetteddu i wayla n uxxam.
• Asfeǧǧ s yiman-ik s leɛqel: ad tebduḍ s yibenkan yettwasqedcen yakan, syin ad tesfeǧǧeḍ asimɣur mi ara tesɛu tsudawt ibilanen imezwura, ayen ara yeldin tawwurt ɣer yikridiyen n usegmi s tiwtilin timagnutin.

Aheggi n udossier-ik send asikel

1. Aru tazrawt tatiknikt d tdamsant, ḥseb asenfar s tfaktuṛin pro forma n yimefkayen izzayriyen.
2. Ldi amiḍan s tedrimt n berra neɣ s dinar yettbeddilen, azen-d ɣur-s tafka s usiweḍ n lbanka.
3. Snulfu-d tasudawt ɣer lmuwetteq, jerred-itt ɣer CNRC, awi NIF d NIS; jerred asenfar ɣer AAPI ma yella yezmer ad yawi tallalin.
4. Xdem tawkalt n lmuwetteq i umsefrak yezdɣen di tmurt, ula i tigawin n lbanka.
5. Sdukkel tiwreqin tudmawanin: paspuṛ, takarḍa n lqunsul, abeggen n tnezduɣt di berra, lɛeqd n lxedma d tiwreqin n lexlaṣ, s tsuqilt ma yella ilaq.
6. Xdem asemmi n ukridi ɣef waṭas n tallitin akken ad tesneqdeḍ ma armud yezmer ad yerfed tasmekta ula ma yella uzenzi drus.

Asuddes n ukridi n usegmi i yinigi azzayri yessuter ugar n uheggi n lekra tudmawant, maca tafka yettwaznen akken iwata, amsefrak yellan dihin d usenfar deg uxeddim i tessneḍ s umata kfan akken ad tqenɛeḍ lbanka.

Isteqsiyen yettuɣalen